特别是腹型肥胖,是肾性高血压的重要危险因素。与健康人群相比,肥胖患者需要代偿性维持较高的血压和 GFR 才能抵消肥胖所导致的肾小管重吸收水钠增加,保持水钠平衡。非手术性减重干预随访 7 个月可以显著降低慢性肾脏病(Chronic kidney disease,CKD)肥胖患者蛋白尿和收缩压,延缓 GFR 下降3。体重平均下降 5.1 kg 可使肥胖者收缩压和舒张压分别下降 4.4 和 3.6mmHg4。体质指数(Body mass index,BMI)维持在 22.5~25 kg/m2死亡率最低5。
1. Lioufas N, Hawley CM, Cameron JD, et al. Chronic kidney disease and pulse wave velocity: A narrative review[J]. Int J Hypertens, 2019, 2019:9189362.
2. He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA. Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2013 Apr 3;346:f1325.
3. Navaneethan SD, Yehnert H, at al. Weight loss interventions in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Oct;4(10):1565-74.