癫痫持续状态(status epilepticus,SE)是以持续癫痫发作并可能造成神经系统甚至多脏器损伤为特征的儿童神经系统危重症之一,2015 年国际抗癫痫联盟(international league against epilepsy,ILAE)将 SE 定义为持久的痫性发作且可能造成长期损伤的状态1:
1、强直阵挛发作超过 5min;
2、伴意识障碍的局灶性发作超过 10min;
3、失神发作超过 15min。
病因
病因是影响 SE 预后的主要因素,SE 的病因繁多,可分为已知病因(热性惊厥、急性症状性、进展脑病性、慢性症状性)及未知病因1-7(表 1)。
1. Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus-Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(10): 1515-1523.
2. Manno EM. Status Epilepticus. The Neurohospitalist, 2011, 1(1): 23-31.
3. Shorvon S. Super-refractory status epilepticus: An approach to therapy in this difficult clinical situation. Epilepsia, 2011, 52: 53-56.