结核菌能自发或经理化、生物因素诱导形成 L 型菌。近年来,检出 L 型结核菌的文献愈来愈多。它不引起皮肤迟发型超敏反应,也不易引起结核性病理损伤,但可以在体内长期生存,在一定条件下恢复为原生结核菌,导致结核病发生。感染 L 型结核菌的结核病患者,其临床表现不典型,PPD 试验不敏感,误诊率高,疗效差。
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